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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1341,352,'insight_modules_0_text_general','This news was also featured in <a class=\"text-greens\" href=\"https://www.insidermedia.com/news/south-east/healthcare-business-transitions-to-mbo-company-was-recently-acquired\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">South East Business Insider</a>, <a class=\"text-greens\" href=\"https://caretalk-business.co.uk/2024/11/25/bdb-pitmans-advises-acorns-health-care-on-management-buy-out/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Care Talk Business</a> and <a class=\"text-greens\" href=\"https://www.financial-news.co.uk/bdb-pitmans-advises-acorns-health-care-on-management-buy-out/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Financial News</a>.\r\n\r\nBroadfield is pleased to have advised the shareholders and management team on the management buyout of Acorns (Southern) Limited, trading as Acorns Health Care, which completed on 29 October 2024.\r\n\r\nAcorns Health Care provides exceptional supported living services for individuals with learning disabilities and complex mental health disorders. The company, founded by Sue Vaughan in Southampton, has dedicated itself to high-quality, transforming and individual care for those who are most vulnerable in society.\r\n\r\nThe Broadfield team was led by corporate partners Oliver Kelly and Sean Kelly, supported by corporate associate Leah Houghton, solicitor apprentice Fin McKenzie, corporate solicitors David Crease and Gemma L’Esperance, and trainee solicitor Charlotte Wilkinson.\r\n\r\nSpecialist employment advice was provided by senior associate Chris Greep, planning advice by partner Mark Challis, tax advice by partner Philip Alfandary, and real estate advice by partner James Barnett.\r\n\r\nAcorns Health Care’s management team was funded by Ignite Growth LLP, advised by Trowers &amp; Hamlins, and Shawbrook Bank, advised by Bevan Brittan. Quantuma provided corporate finance advice to the sellers, with K3 providing tax advice.\r\nOliver Kelly said:\r\n\r\n“Broadfield brings considerable experience and expertise in advising on a wide range of corporate finance transactions including in the health and social care sector, and we are delighted to have played a role in the sale of Acorns as it embarks on the next stage of its journey.”\r\n\r\nSue Vaughan, founder and director of Acorns Health Care said:\r\n\r\n“It is never an easy decision to sell a business that has been built with a passion and a strong desire to change the lives of those we touch. I am thrilled to sell to the management team that shares those passions. I would also like to thank the team at Broadfield for their advice and guidance that ensured this transaction was completed before the October Budget.”');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1472,366,'insight_modules_0_text_para','Troubled cinema chain Cineworld Group has experienced financial difficulties in recent years due to film industry strikes, a rise in home streaming services, and Covid causing forced cinema closures with audiences failing to return to pre-pandemic levels.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1476,366,'insight_modules_1_text_general','In 2023, Cineworld entered lease renegotiations with its landlords to write off arrears and reduce its rental payments. As part of those arrangements, Cineworld gave undertakings to various landlords in side letters that it would not seek further amendments to its leases in the event there was a further restructuring plan. \r\n\r\nCineworld’s financial position significantly deteriorated, and it proposed another restructuring plan under Part 26A of the Companies Act 2006. This would reduce the rents payable under various leases, including those where Cineworld had given undertakings that it would not seek any further compromise of the rents.\r\n\r\nPrior to the final sanction hearing of the restructuring plans, two landlords, the Crown Estate and UKCP, applied for injunctions to enforce the terms of the undertakings given by Cineworld not to seek further lease amendments.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1482,366,'insight_modules_2_text_general','The High Court decided that the rights of the two landlord objectors were capable of being compromised by the further restructuring plans. This was not a private dispute turning on the construction of a contractual agreement, and instead the dispute had to be considered within the context of the wider sanction proceedings for the restructuring plans.\r\n\r\nAdditionally, it held that in this context the objectors were not being placed in any worse position than the other landlords whose leases had been placed in the same restructuring category. The courts were required to treat the creditors on an equal footing (the “pari passu” principle) unless there was a good reason for treating the objecting landlords differently.\r\n\r\nThe High Court did not consider that the undertakings provided this justification, and certainly treating the objectors differently would not assist the proposed restructuring. It refused to grant the injunctions.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1488,366,'insight_modules_3_text_general','A key aspect to the decision was that the High Court found that Cineworld provided the original undertakings in good faith. However, time had passed since they were given, and Cineworld’s financial position had deteriorated beyond what could have been predicted at the time of the first restructuring.\r\n\r\nIt stressed that the impact of the decision should not be to provide tenants with the ability to get out of previous deals made when restructuring and that each case would need to turn on its facts. However, this does seem to provide a major opportunity for struggling tenant companies to renegotiate further compromises of existing contracts and leases.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1941,388,'insight_modules_2_text_general','Not to be outdone by the consultation on infrastructure planning in Wales (closing date 13 December 2024) there is a consultation in Scotland about introducing several Planning Act 2008-like measures.\r\n\r\nIn Scotland there is not an equivalent to the Planning Act 2008, and for electricity generation and power lines, the Electricity Act 1989 is used, whatever the size of the project. The (Scottish and UK) government have issued a consultation on making improvements to the process (so just for those two types of infrastructure rather than more generally). This one closes on 29 November 2024, it was only 28 days.\r\n\r\nAlthough the consultation proposes changes to make the process more similar to the Planning Act regime, there are several differences, highlighted below.\r\n\r\nMandatory pre-application consultation is proposed to be introduced, explicitly based on the Planning Act 2008. 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Of course everything is going to get a slightly different name.\r\n\r\nThere is to be an acceptance stage, but the only reason for rejection is inadequate consultation rather than the standard of the application documents, although the document later says an application can be rejected if not all the required documents are submitted. It doesn’t say how long this stage is proposed to take. The list of application documents under the Electricity Act 1989 is greater for electric lines than generating stations. It is proposed to harmonise these and supplement them with a detailed plan, the pre-application consultation report, a statement of alternatives considered, a statement on benefits and needs, and a statement of all the components requiring consent. This appears a lot lighter touch than for a DCO.\r\n\r\nPost-application, the Scottish Government will invite representations rather than the applicant. The consultation suggests that the government be able to set time limits for each stage, rather than having these set in advance (which isn’t great for certainty). It also suggests more strategic engagement with statutory bodies, including a forum, a framework, and additional funding, which sounds a good move.\r\n\r\nOn amendments to applications during their consideration, it is merely proposed that a point be declared after which amendments are no longer permitted. They must already not be substantial. For examination generally, the consultation proposes that only if a local authority objects, a reporter is appointed who may have a site inspection, request written information, and/or hold a hearing or public inquiry. There could also be a pre-examination (procedural) meeting. Seem familiar? There is a proposal to introduce fees for applications for ‘necessary wayleaves’ for electric lines, currently free.\r\n\r\nFor post-decision changes, the consultation says that the process for electric line variations is vaguer than for generating stations and suggests making the former clearer. The consultation also proposes that the Scottish Government can propose variations where there has been a change in environmental circumstances, technology, or to correct errors. On legal challenges, it is proposed to unify the currently differing process and timescales to allow a statutory appeal within six weeks. This is narrower than a simple rehearing of the case; it must be that the decision is not within the powers of the Scottish Ministers or one or more relevant requirements have not been complied with.\r\n\r\nThe consultation suggests that any changed process will even apply to applications that are in progress, from the point they have reached onwards. What could possibly go wrong with that? There are some interesting questions, such as whether you agree that these proposals will ‘increase the speed of the end-to-end project planning process overall’ (I think this should extend beyond the planning process), and how many people in your organisation will need to familiarise themselves with any change in process.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1970,394,'_header_banner','field_67447fc6cca8d');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1972,394,'_featured_home_thumb','field_67447fc6d0506');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1973,394,'author','a:2:{i:0;s:3:\"358\";i:1;s:3:\"365\";}');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1974,394,'_author','field_67447fe4fedd6');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1975,394,'insight_modules_0_text_para','Troubled cinema chain Cineworld Group has experienced financial difficulties in recent years due to film industry strikes, a rise in home streaming services, and Covid causing forced cinema closures with audiences failing to return to pre-pandemic levels.');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1976,394,'_insight_modules_0_text_para','field_67447fc6f1ab5');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1977,394,'insight_modules_1_add_heading','0');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1978,394,'_insight_modules_1_add_heading','field_67448fefc373b');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1979,394,'insight_modules_1_text_general','In 2023, Cineworld entered lease renegotiations with its landlords to write off arrears and reduce its rental payments. As part of those arrangements, Cineworld gave undertakings to various landlords in side letters that it would not seek further amendments to its leases in the event there was a further restructuring plan. \r\n\r\nCineworld’s financial position significantly deteriorated, and it proposed another restructuring plan under Part 26A of the Companies Act 2006. This would reduce the rents payable under various leases, including those where Cineworld had given undertakings that it would not seek any further compromise of the rents.\r\n\r\nPrior to the final sanction hearing of the restructuring plans, two landlords, the Crown Estate and UKCP, applied for injunctions to enforce the terms of the undertakings given by Cineworld not to seek further lease amendments.\r\n');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1980,394,'_insight_modules_1_text_general','field_67447fc704d53');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1981,394,'insight_modules_2_add_heading','1');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1982,394,'_insight_modules_2_add_heading','field_67448fefc373b');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1983,394,'insight_modules_2_heading_title','High Court Decision');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1984,394,'_insight_modules_2_heading_title','field_67449020c373c');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1985,394,'insight_modules_2_text_general','The High Court decided that the rights of the two landlord objectors were capable of being compromised by the further restructuring plans. This was not a private dispute turning on the construction of a contractual agreement, and instead the dispute had to be considered within the context of the wider sanction proceedings for the restructuring plans.\r\n\r\nAdditionally, it held that in this context the objectors were not being placed in any worse position than the other landlords whose leases had been placed in the same restructuring category. The courts were required to treat the creditors on an equal footing (the “pari passu” principle) unless there was a good reason for treating the objecting landlords differently.\r\n\r\nThe High Court did not consider that the undertakings provided this justification, and certainly treating the objectors differently would not assist the proposed restructuring. It refused to grant the injunctions.\r\n');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1986,394,'_insight_modules_2_text_general','field_67447fc704d53');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1987,394,'insight_modules_3_add_heading','1');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1988,394,'_insight_modules_3_add_heading','field_67448fefc373b');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1989,394,'insight_modules_3_heading_title','Conclusion');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1990,394,'_insight_modules_3_heading_title','field_67449020c373c');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1991,394,'insight_modules_3_text_general','A key aspect to the decision was that the High Court found that Cineworld provided the original undertakings in good faith. However, time had passed since they were given, and Cineworld’s financial position had deteriorated beyond what could have been predicted at the time of the first restructuring.\r\n\r\nIt stressed that the impact of the decision should not be to provide tenants with the ability to get out of previous deals made when restructuring and that each case would need to turn on its facts. However, this does seem to provide a major opportunity for struggling tenant companies to renegotiate further compromises of existing contracts and leases.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1993,394,'insight_modules','a:4:{i:0;s:14:\"text_lead_para\";i:1;s:12:\"text_general\";i:2;s:12:\"text_general\";i:3;s:12:\"text_general\";}');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1996,394,'_related_posts','field_67447fc6deeb9');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (1998,395,'_header_banner','field_67447fc6cca8d');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2000,395,'_featured_home_thumb','field_67447fc6d0506');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2001,395,'author','a:1:{i:0;s:3:\"380\";}');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2002,395,'_author','field_67447fe4fedd6');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2003,395,'insight_modules_0_text_para','Claimants who are successful in an unfair dismissal claim will receive compensation consisting of two elements: a basic award (equivalent to a statutory redundancy payment, based on age, length of service and weekly pay); and a compensatory award for financial losses suffered as a result of dismissal up to set maximum limits. The compensatory award may be reduced if the employee caused or contributed to their dismissal by a proportion that the Tribunal considers just and equitable. In contrast, the basic award may be reduced if the Employment Tribunal considers that this is just and equitable due to the employee’s conduct before their dismissal, but there is no causation requirement.');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2004,395,'_insight_modules_0_text_para','field_67447fc6f1ab5');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2005,395,'insight_modules_1_add_heading','0');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2006,395,'_insight_modules_1_add_heading','field_67448fefc373b');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2007,395,'insight_modules_1_text_general','A finding of culpable or blameworthy conduct by the employee which to some extent caused or contributed to their dismissal will normally lead to a reduction in the compensatory award. However, in Notaro Homes Ltd v Keirle and others, the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) has confirmed that a Tribunal is not actually required to reduce the compensatory award in these circumstances.\r\n\r\nIn this case, several employees of a nursing home provider were dismissed for making social media posts that breached the company’s social media policy. The Employment Tribunal found that this was a pretext and that the real reason for their dismissal was that they had made protected disclosures. At the remedy hearing, the Tribunal therefore decided that it was not just and equitable to reduce the basic and compensatory awards on grounds of contributory fault. Although the employees had committed blameworthy conduct by breaching Notaro’s social media policy, in reality the company had seized on that opportunity to dismiss them because they had blown the whistle. \r\n\r\nNotaro appealed on the basis that if there was a finding of contributory fault, then the Tribunal was legally obliged to reduce the compensatory award. The EAT dismissed this argument. Although contributory fault will normally lead to a reduction, the wording of the ERA does not require a Tribunal to do so where it is not just and equitable. Given the circumstances in this case, where the dismissing officer had also accepted that the employees’ conduct did not amount to gross misconduct, it had been open to the Tribunal to decide not to reduce the compensatory award. \r\n\r\nThis case highlights that Tribunals have a wide discretion as to whether to reduce an award of compensation. The employees’ conduct in this case only led to or contributed to their dismissal by providing their employer with a pretext, so it was just and equitable that their compensation should not be reduced. The contributory fault itself could not be said to have caused the dismissal. However, it will only be in rare cases that no reduction is made where there has been a finding of contributory fault.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2017,396,'author','a:1:{i:0;s:3:\"375\";}');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2018,396,'_author','field_67447fe4fedd6');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2020,396,'_insight_modules_0_add_heading','field_67448fefc373b');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2021,396,'insight_modules_0_heading_title','Consultation launched on Code of Practice for Service Providers, Public Bodies and Associations');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2023,396,'insight_modules_0_text_general','The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) has launched a consultation on an updated Code of Practice for Service Providers, Public Bodies and Associations. The Code explains the detailed legal requirements and practical steps in relation to discrimination, harassment, and victimisation and has been updated to reflect significant developments in legislation and case law since it was first published in 2011. It now includes, for example, recent case law on philosophical belief and indirect discrimination, as well as the EHRC’s technical guidance on age discrimination. Feedback on the new Code is being requested to help ensure that it includes all new law and associated impacts, and is sufficiently clear and user-friendly. An online survey to provide feedback will be open until 5:00 PM on 3 January 2025. ');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2024,396,'_insight_modules_0_text_general','field_67447fc704d53');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2026,396,'_insight_modules_1_add_heading','field_67448fefc373b');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2027,396,'insight_modules_1_heading_title','New guidance published on providing support for disabled workers with hybrid working');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2029,396,'insight_modules_1_text_general','The EHRC has also published new guidance on supporting disabled workers with hybrid working. This is aimed particularly at small and medium-sized employers. The guidance reminds employers that all legal obligations relating to disabled workers continue to apply when they are working from home and provides practical recommendations for all stages of the employment and recruitment process. Reasonable adjustments, such as digital support, specialist equipment, travel arrangements, or adapted office furniture, should be monitored and reviewed regularly with the employee and reconsidered whenever there is a change in circumstances. The guidance also includes examples of questions to ask employees about their health and potential adjustments, together with useful practical case studies.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2031,396,'insight_modules_2_add_heading','1');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2032,396,'_insight_modules_2_add_heading','field_67448fefc373b');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2033,396,'insight_modules_2_heading_title','Non-statutory guidance for employers on distributing tips fairly');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2034,396,'_insight_modules_2_heading_title','field_67449020c373c');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2035,396,'insight_modules_2_text_general','On 27 September 2024, the government published non-statutory guidance for employers on distributing tips fairly. This coincides with the new legal requirements on tipping and service charges set out in the Employment (Allocation of Tips) Act 2023 and the statutory Code of Practice on Fair and Transparent Distribution of Tips which came into force on 1 October 2024. The non-statutory guidance is aimed at helping employers apply the statutory Code of Practice, which must be taken into account by Employment Tribunals in relevant cases. It is fairly brief and clarifies how to deal with agency workers, confirms that tips cannot be pooled across multiple sites or branches and stresses that all workers involved in directly providing a service to customers must be considered in the distribution of tips. A template tipping policy and tipping record are also provided. Tribunals can order compliance with the legal requirements as well as award compensation of up to £5,000 per worker to compensate for financial loss. ');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2039,396,'insight_modules_3_heading_title','New growth and skills levy to replace current apprenticeship levy');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2045,396,'insight_modules_4_heading_title','Public Authority Algorithmic and Automated Decision-Making Systems Bill introduced');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2046,396,'_insight_modules_4_heading_title','field_67449020c373c');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2047,396,'insight_modules_4_text_general','A Private Members’ Bill introduced by Lord Clement-Jones into the House of Lords aims to regulate the use of automated and algorithmic systems in decision-making processes in the public sector (Public Authority Algorithmic and Automated Decision-Making Systems Bill). Private Members’ Bills do not usually become law, but often stimulate debate and exert influence on key issues. The Bill would require public authorities to complete an algorithmic impact assessment prior to implementing any new system. This would have to set out relative benefits and risks of the system; the steps being taken to minimise risks; an independent external scrutiny of efficacy and accuracy; and a bias assessment to ensure compliance with the Equality Act 2010 and the Human Rights Act 1998. Public authorities would also be required to complete an algorithmic transparency record providing a detailed explanation of the system, including technical specifications; how it is being used in practice to inform administrative decisions; and how human oversight will work in practice. All AI systems used by a public authority would have to be capable of scrutiny and a public register would have to be kept of decisions made. The Bill would also require the government to establish an independent dispute resolution service for challenging and providing redress for decisions made by AI systems.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2051,396,'insight_modules_5_heading_title','Fair Reward Framework launched by The High Pay Centre');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2052,396,'_insight_modules_5_heading_title','field_67449020c373c');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2053,396,'insight_modules_5_text_general','The High Pay Centre has collaborated with a number of investors to launch the Fair Reward Framework, a free online tool providing comparison data for the pay policies of FTSE 100 companies. Assessments of 65 companies have already been published, with data on the remaining companies to be available by early 2025. Annual corporate pay policies and practices are assessed using a 30-indicator framework which includes CEO pay awards, pay gaps and ratios, pay scrutiny processes such as worker consultation, the extent of trade union coverage, and the results of recent shareholder AGM votes. Key trends observed in the firms analysed to date include: 40% have disclosed their ethnicity pay gap; only 6% disclosed details of any meaningful consultation with their workforce during executive pay setting; and only 22% provided evidence of the proportion of their workforce covered by trade union membership or a collective bargaining agreement. The Fair Reward Framework anticipates expanding to a wider range of companies, including those from other markets, at a later stage.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2064,397,'_author','field_67447fe4fedd6');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2065,397,'insight_modules_0_text_para','From 2 December 2024, local authorities will be able to let out vacant high street premises at auction without the owner’s consent as part of a new rental auction process.');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2066,397,'_insight_modules_0_text_para','field_67447fc6f1ab5');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2067,397,'insight_modules_1_add_heading','0');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2068,397,'_insight_modules_1_add_heading','field_67448fefc373b');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2069,397,'insight_modules_1_text_general','Local authorities will have the power to force landlords to let out high street premises which have been vacant for 12 months, or at least 366 days in the preceding 24 months. Landlords will be forced to engage in a process for a rental auction of retail and other premises in a designated street or town centre.');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2070,397,'_insight_modules_1_text_general','field_67447fc704d53');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2071,397,'insight_modules_2_add_heading','1');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2072,397,'_insight_modules_2_add_heading','field_67448fefc373b');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2073,397,'insight_modules_2_heading_title','Qualifying high street premises');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2074,397,'_insight_modules_2_heading_title','field_67449020c373c');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2075,397,'insight_modules_2_text_general','The new law will affect vacant premises which are deemed as having a high-street use and as qualifying high-street premises. ‘High-street use’ includes any premises whose use is, or was when last occupied, as:\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\r\n	<li>a shop or office;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>providing services to persons who include visiting members of the public;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>a restaurant, bar, public house, café, or other establishment selling food or drink;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>for public entertainment or recreation;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>a communal hall or meeting-place; or</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>manufacturing or other industrial processes of a sort that can reasonably be carried on alongside one of the above uses (but not as a warehouse).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\nA premises will form a ‘qualifying high-street premises’ if:\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>they are situated on a designated high street or in a designated town centre, and</li>\r\n	<li>the local authority considers them to be suitable for a high-street use. </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n\r\nOnce a detailed auction process has taken place, the local authority will have power to enter into an agreement for a lease which will be binding on the owner and any superior landlord. There are various key terms for the agreement for lease and lease which will be prescribed by the Regulations. If the landlord ends up defaulting on the agreement, then the local authority can grant the lease directly to the tenant.\r\n\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2079,397,'insight_modules_3_heading_title','Costs and minimum energy efficiency standards (MEES)');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2081,397,'insight_modules_3_text_general','Most of the costs for the auction will be placed on the tenant. The landlord will bear its own costs, including those for works to bring the premises up to the MEES standard of EPC rating E (and potentially EPC rating C or B if the MEES consultations are ever implemented).');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2085,397,'insight_modules_4_heading_title','Conclusion');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2087,397,'insight_modules_4_text_general','Whilst this new auction process does seem alarming, the conditions highlighted above must all be satisfied before the local authority can force the auction process. It will be interesting to see if local authorities choose to implement these powers and if it will make any difference to the high street, bearing in mind most landlords would prefer to have their premises occupied but may not have been able to for a multitude of reasons.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2099,398,'insight_modules_0_text_para','This week’s entry looks at the unsuccessful challenge to the grant of the A66 DCO in more detail and a consultation on infrastructure planning in Scotland.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2103,398,'insight_modules_1_heading_title','Judge kicks A66 challenge');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2105,398,'insight_modules_1_text_general','We have previously reported on the challenge by Transport Action Network to the granting of the A66 Northern Trans-Pennine DCO. The hearing was on 23 October 2024 and the judge gave the judgment orally a mere two days later on 25 October 2024; it has taken since then to get hold of a copy of the judgment.\r\n\r\nThe first ground was on habitats, where socio-economic impacts were allegedly wrongly categorised as health impacts, and how did impacts on human health weigh neutrally in the planning balance in the decision letter and yet be enough to be imperative reasons of overriding public importance? The judge considered that enough attention was given to human health in the IROPI context and that it was not irrational to conclude that the test was met.\r\n\r\nThe second ground was on the impact on the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty – DCO applications that cause harm to AONBs should be refused unless there are exceptional circumstances and where consent is in the public interest. The judge said that the test was met and the precise words needn’t be used ‘like an incantation’. The impact on the AONB was in fact concluded to become acceptable over time. The new duties to ‘seek to further the purposes’ of National Parks and AONBs in s11A of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 and s85 of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, respectively, are the new battleground.\r\n\r\nThe third ground was essentially that the DCO should have been refused because the benefit-cost ratio was less than one. The judge decided it was not irrational for the Secretary of State to give consent, saying as he did that there were qualitative benefits that could not be monetised.\r\n\r\nThe fourth ground was the same as the single ground that was unsuccessful in the challenge to the A38 Derby Junctions DCO decision, namely that the decision was unlawfully based on an out-of-date economic assessment. The judge said that although the A38 case had been appealed to the Court of Appeal, he nevertheless had confidence in his judgment on the point. That permission has been denied, and so this ground is dropped from the claimant’s appeal to the Court of Appeal.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2109,398,'insight_modules_2_heading_title','Keeping up with the Joneses');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2111,398,'insight_modules_2_text_general','Not to be outdone by the consultation on infrastructure planning in Wales (closing date 13 December 2024) there is a consultation in Scotland about introducing several Planning Act 2008-like measures.\r\n\r\nIn Scotland there is not an equivalent to the Planning Act 2008, and for electricity generation and power lines, the Electricity Act 1989 is used, whatever the size of the project. The (Scottish and UK) government have issued a consultation on making improvements to the process (so just for those two types of infrastructure rather than more generally). This one closes on 29 November 2024, it was only 28 days.\r\n\r\nAlthough the consultation proposes changes to make the process more similar to the Planning Act regime, there are several differences, highlighted below.\r\n\r\nMandatory pre-application consultation is proposed to be introduced, explicitly based on the Planning Act 2008. Accompanying the consultation must be a ‘Preliminary Information Report’, the equivalent of a preliminary environmental information report. The consultees are to be agreed with the Scottish Government rather than being a fixed list (which will presumably add a bit of time). A Statement of Community Consultation is to be sent to the local authority for comments, but these are made to the Scottish Government rather than the prospective applicant, and it is the Scottish Government who then decides what changes should be made (for offshore projects this would only apply to any onshore elements). The consultation is required to include at least two public events (it later suggests exactly two), as well as a website, email and postal address. There is a question as to whether two stages of consultation should be held for electric line projects. A Pre-Application Consultation Report is submitted with the application, equivalent to a Consultation Report. Of course everything is going to get a slightly different name.\r\n\r\nThere is to be an acceptance stage, but the only reason for rejection is inadequate consultation rather than the standard of the application documents, although the document later says an application can be rejected if not all the required documents are submitted. It doesn’t say how long this stage is proposed to take. The list of application documents under the Electricity Act 1989 is greater for electric lines than generating stations. It is proposed to harmonise these and supplement them with a detailed plan, the pre-application consultation report, a statement of alternatives considered, a statement on benefits and needs, and a statement of all the components requiring consent. This appears a lot lighter touch than for a DCO.\r\n\r\nPost-application, the Scottish Government will invite representations rather than the applicant. The consultation suggests that the government be able to set time limits for each stage, rather than having these set in advance (which isn’t great for certainty). It also suggests more strategic engagement with statutory bodies, including a forum, a framework, and additional funding, which sounds a good move.\r\n\r\nOn amendments to applications during their consideration, it is merely proposed that a point be declared after which amendments are no longer permitted. They must already not be substantial. For examination generally, the consultation proposes that only if a local authority objects, a reporter is appointed who may have a site inspection, request written information, and/or hold a hearing or public inquiry. There could also be a pre-examination (procedural) meeting. Seem familiar? There is a proposal to introduce fees for applications for ‘necessary wayleaves’ for electric lines, currently free.\r\n\r\nFor post-decision changes, the consultation says that the process for electric line variations is vaguer than for generating stations and suggests making the former clearer. The consultation also proposes that the Scottish Government can propose variations where there has been a change in environmental circumstances, technology, or to correct errors. On legal challenges, it is proposed to unify the currently differing process and timescales to allow a statutory appeal within six weeks. This is narrower than a simple rehearing of the case; it must be that the decision is not within the powers of the Scottish Ministers or one or more relevant requirements have not been complied with.\r\n\r\nThe consultation suggests that any changed process will even apply to applications that are in progress, from the point they have reached onwards. What could possibly go wrong with that? There are some interesting questions, such as whether you agree that these proposals will ‘increase the speed of the end-to-end project planning process overall’ (I think this should extend beyond the planning process), and how many people in your organisation will need to familiarise themselves with any change in process.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2123,399,'insight_modules_0_text_para','It is unlawful under the Equality Act 2010 to discriminate against employees because of their philosophical beliefs. The test for a philosophical belief was established in the 2009 case of Grainger plc v Nicholson:');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2127,399,'insight_modules_1_text_general','<ul>\r\n	<li>The belief must be genuinely held.</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>It must be a belief and not simply an opinion or viewpoint.</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>It must concern a weighty and substantial aspect of human life and behaviour.</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>It must have sufficient cogency, seriousness, cohesion, and importance.</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>It must also be worthy of respect in a democratic society, not conflict with the fundamental rights of others, and not incompatible with human dignity. </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\nCase law has established that gender-critical beliefs can meet these five criteria and therefore be protected under the Equality Act. This protection may be lost if employees manifest their beliefs inappropriately and in a way that adversely impacts the rights of others. In the recent case of Orwin v East Riding of Yorkshire Council, an Employment Tribunal held that there was no philosophical belief discrimination where an employee was dismissed for using deliberately provocative pronouns in his email signature because he disagreed with gender self-identification. \r\n\r\nThe Chief Executive of East Riding of Yorkshire Council emailed all employees inviting them to consider adding pronouns to their email signature if they chose to do so, stating that she was keen to ensure all staff knew they would be supported in their choice. She also attached links to the Council’s Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy and to further information on ‘Why you may choose to use pronouns.’ Mr Orwin has strong gender-critical beliefs and disagrees with gender self-identification. He objected to the new policy, arguing that including pronouns in an email signature was ‘a political gesture designed to intimidate anyone who does not embrace the contested ideology of gender identity.’ In protest at the Council’s policy, Mr Orwin therefore changed his own email footer to state ‘XYChromosomeGuy/AdultHumanMale.’ Following attempts to reach a resolution, he was dismissed for failure to comply with management instructions to remove the footer. \r\n\r\nMr Orwin brought claims of direct discrimination on grounds of philosophical belief, unfair dismissal, and wrongful dismissal. All these claims have been dismissed by the Employment Tribunal. \r\n\r\nThe Tribunal accepted that Mr Orwin’s gender-critical beliefs satisfied each of the Grainger criteria and therefore amounted to a protected belief. However, it ruled that Mr Orwin had not been dismissed because of those beliefs, but because of the unacceptable way he had manifested them. The wording of his email signature was a deliberately provocative act of protest to try to persuade the Council to change its policy and did not have a sufficiently close and direct link to his beliefs. The Tribunal also took into account the risk of reputational damage to the Council, the impact on its service users, and its attempts to engage with Mr Orwin to reach a mutually acceptable solution. It was clear in this case that Mr Orwin’s actions also amounted to gross misconduct. \r\n\r\nThis case illustrates that employees whose actions are motivated or influenced by their philosophical or religious belief may not be protected under discrimination law if they manifest their belief inappropriately. For the act to be protected, there must be a close causal link between the employee’s act and the belief. The Tribunal in this case was also critical of the way the Council had implemented its own policy, highlighting the importance of ensuring that equality, diversity, and inclusion policies are properly and consistently communicated and enforced.\r\n\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2141,401,'insight_modules_0_text_para','Claimants who are successful in an unfair dismissal claim will receive compensation consisting of two elements: a basic award (equivalent to a statutory redundancy payment, based on age, length of service and weekly pay); and a compensatory award for financial losses suffered as a result of dismissal up to set maximum limits. The compensatory award may be reduced if the employee caused or contributed to their dismissal by a proportion that the Tribunal considers just and equitable. In contrast, the basic award may be reduced if the Employment Tribunal considers that this is just and equitable due to the employee’s conduct before their dismissal, but there is no causation requirement.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2145,401,'insight_modules_1_text_general','A finding of culpable or blameworthy conduct by the employee which to some extent caused or contributed to their dismissal will normally lead to a reduction in the compensatory award. However, in Notaro Homes Ltd v Keirle and others, the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) has confirmed that a Tribunal is not actually required to reduce the compensatory award in these circumstances.\r\n\r\nIn this case, several employees of a nursing home provider were dismissed for making social media posts that breached the company’s social media policy. The Employment Tribunal found that this was a pretext and that the real reason for their dismissal was that they had made protected disclosures. At the remedy hearing, the Tribunal therefore decided that it was not just and equitable to reduce the basic and compensatory awards on grounds of contributory fault. Although the employees had committed blameworthy conduct by breaching Notaro’s social media policy, in reality the company had seized on that opportunity to dismiss them because they had blown the whistle. \r\n\r\nNotaro appealed on the basis that if there was a finding of contributory fault, then the Tribunal was legally obliged to reduce the compensatory award. The EAT dismissed this argument. Although contributory fault will normally lead to a reduction, the wording of the ERA does not require a Tribunal to do so where it is not just and equitable. Given the circumstances in this case, where the dismissing officer had also accepted that the employees’ conduct did not amount to gross misconduct, it had been open to the Tribunal to decide not to reduce the compensatory award. \r\n\r\nThis case highlights that Tribunals have a wide discretion as to whether to reduce an award of compensation. The employees’ conduct in this case only led to or contributed to their dismissal by providing their employer with a pretext, so it was just and equitable that their compensation should not be reduced. The contributory fault itself could not be said to have caused the dismissal. However, it will only be in rare cases that no reduction is made where there has been a finding of contributory fault.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2217,405,'insight_modules_2_text_general','The new law will affect vacant premises which are deemed as having a high-street use and as qualifying high-street premises. ‘High-street use’ includes any premises whose use is, or was when last occupied, as:\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\r\n	<li>a shop or office;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>providing services to persons who include visiting members of the public;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>a restaurant, bar, public house, café, or other establishment selling food or drink;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>for public entertainment or recreation;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>a communal hall or meeting-place; or</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>manufacturing or other industrial processes of a sort that can reasonably be carried on alongside one of the above uses (but not as a warehouse).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\nA premises will form a ‘qualifying high-street premises’ if:\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>they are situated on a designated high street or in a designated town centre, and</li>\r\n	<li>the local authority considers them to be suitable for a high-street use. </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n\r\nOnce a detailed auction process has taken place, the local authority will have power to enter into an agreement for a lease which will be binding on the owner and any superior landlord. There are various key terms for the agreement for lease and lease which will be prescribed by the Regulations. If the landlord ends up defaulting on the agreement, then the local authority can grant the lease directly to the tenant.\r\n\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2221,405,'insight_modules_3_heading_title','Costs and minimum energy efficiency standards (MEES)');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2223,405,'insight_modules_3_text_general','Most of the costs for the auction will be placed on the tenant. The landlord will bear its own costs, including those for works to bring the premises up to the MEES standard of EPC rating E (and potentially EPC rating C or B if the MEES consultations are ever implemented).');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2227,405,'insight_modules_4_heading_title','Conclusion');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2229,405,'insight_modules_4_text_general','Whilst this new auction process does seem alarming, the conditions highlighted above must all be satisfied before the local authority can force the auction process. It will be interesting to see if local authorities choose to implement these powers and if it will make any difference to the high street, bearing in mind most landlords would prefer to have their premises occupied but may not have been able to for a multitude of reasons.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2249,407,'insight_modules_1_text_general','We have previously reported on the challenge by Transport Action Network to the granting of the A66 Northern Trans-Pennine DCO. The hearing was on 23 October 2024 and the judge gave the judgment orally a mere two days later on 25 October 2024; it has taken since then to get hold of a copy of the judgment.\r\n\r\nThe first ground was on habitats, where socio-economic impacts were allegedly wrongly categorised as health impacts, and how did impacts on human health weigh neutrally in the planning balance in the decision letter and yet be enough to be imperative reasons of overriding public importance? The judge considered that enough attention was given to human health in the IROPI context and that it was not irrational to conclude that the test was met.\r\n\r\nThe second ground was on the impact on the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty – DCO applications that cause harm to AONBs should be refused unless there are exceptional circumstances and where consent is in the public interest. The judge said that the test was met and the precise words needn’t be used ‘like an incantation’. The impact on the AONB was in fact concluded to become acceptable over time. The new duties to ‘seek to further the purposes’ of National Parks and AONBs in s11A of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 and s85 of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, respectively, are the new battleground.\r\n\r\nThe third ground was essentially that the DCO should have been refused because the benefit-cost ratio was less than one. The judge decided it was not irrational for the Secretary of State to give consent, saying as he did that there were qualitative benefits that could not be monetised.\r\n\r\nThe fourth ground was the same as the single ground that was unsuccessful in the challenge to the A38 Derby Junctions DCO decision, namely that the decision was unlawfully based on an out-of-date economic assessment. The judge said that although the A38 case had been appealed to the Court of Appeal, he nevertheless had confidence in his judgment on the point. That permission has been denied, and so this ground is dropped from the claimant’s appeal to the Court of Appeal.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2255,407,'insight_modules_2_text_general','Not to be outdone by the consultation on infrastructure planning in Wales (closing date 13 December 2024) there is a consultation in Scotland about introducing several Planning Act 2008-like measures.\r\n\r\nIn Scotland there is not an equivalent to the Planning Act 2008, and for electricity generation and power lines, the Electricity Act 1989 is used, whatever the size of the project. The (Scottish and UK) government have issued a consultation on making improvements to the process (so just for those two types of infrastructure rather than more generally). This one closes on 29 November 2024, it was only 28 days.\r\n\r\nAlthough the consultation proposes changes to make the process more similar to the Planning Act regime, there are several differences, highlighted below.\r\n\r\nMandatory pre-application consultation is proposed to be introduced, explicitly based on the Planning Act 2008. Accompanying the consultation must be a ‘Preliminary Information Report’, the equivalent of a preliminary environmental information report. The consultees are to be agreed with the Scottish Government rather than being a fixed list (which will presumably add a bit of time). A Statement of Community Consultation is to be sent to the local authority for comments, but these are made to the Scottish Government rather than the prospective applicant, and it is the Scottish Government who then decides what changes should be made (for offshore projects this would only apply to any onshore elements). The consultation is required to include at least two public events (it later suggests exactly two), as well as a website, email and postal address. There is a question as to whether two stages of consultation should be held for electric line projects. A Pre-Application Consultation Report is submitted with the application, equivalent to a Consultation Report. Of course everything is going to get a slightly different name.\r\n\r\nThere is to be an acceptance stage, but the only reason for rejection is inadequate consultation rather than the standard of the application documents, although the document later says an application can be rejected if not all the required documents are submitted. It doesn’t say how long this stage is proposed to take. The list of application documents under the Electricity Act 1989 is greater for electric lines than generating stations. It is proposed to harmonise these and supplement them with a detailed plan, the pre-application consultation report, a statement of alternatives considered, a statement on benefits and needs, and a statement of all the components requiring consent. This appears a lot lighter touch than for a DCO.\r\n\r\nPost-application, the Scottish Government will invite representations rather than the applicant. The consultation suggests that the government be able to set time limits for each stage, rather than having these set in advance (which isn’t great for certainty). It also suggests more strategic engagement with statutory bodies, including a forum, a framework, and additional funding, which sounds a good move.\r\n\r\nOn amendments to applications during their consideration, it is merely proposed that a point be declared after which amendments are no longer permitted. They must already not be substantial. For examination generally, the consultation proposes that only if a local authority objects, a reporter is appointed who may have a site inspection, request written information, and/or hold a hearing or public inquiry. There could also be a pre-examination (procedural) meeting. Seem familiar? There is a proposal to introduce fees for applications for ‘necessary wayleaves’ for electric lines, currently free.\r\n\r\nFor post-decision changes, the consultation says that the process for electric line variations is vaguer than for generating stations and suggests making the former clearer. The consultation also proposes that the Scottish Government can propose variations where there has been a change in environmental circumstances, technology, or to correct errors. On legal challenges, it is proposed to unify the currently differing process and timescales to allow a statutory appeal within six weeks. This is narrower than a simple rehearing of the case; it must be that the decision is not within the powers of the Scottish Ministers or one or more relevant requirements have not been complied with.\r\n\r\nThe consultation suggests that any changed process will even apply to applications that are in progress, from the point they have reached onwards. What could possibly go wrong with that? There are some interesting questions, such as whether you agree that these proposals will ‘increase the speed of the end-to-end project planning process overall’ (I think this should extend beyond the planning process), and how many people in your organisation will need to familiarise themselves with any change in process.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2287,411,'insight_modules_0_text_para','Troubled cinema chain Cineworld Group has experienced financial difficulties in recent years due to film industry strikes, a rise in home streaming services, and Covid causing forced cinema closures with audiences failing to return to pre-pandemic levels.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2291,411,'insight_modules_1_text_general','In 2023, Cineworld entered lease renegotiations with its landlords to write off arrears and reduce its rental payments. As part of those arrangements, Cineworld gave undertakings to various landlords in side letters that it would not seek further amendments to its leases in the event there was a further restructuring plan. \r\n\r\nCineworld’s financial position significantly deteriorated, and it proposed another restructuring plan under Part 26A of the Companies Act 2006. This would reduce the rents payable under various leases, including those where Cineworld had given undertakings that it would not seek any further compromise of the rents.\r\n\r\nPrior to the final sanction hearing of the restructuring plans, two landlords, the Crown Estate and UKCP, applied for injunctions to enforce the terms of the undertakings given by Cineworld not to seek further lease amendments.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2295,411,'insight_modules_2_heading_title','High Court Decision');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2297,411,'insight_modules_2_text_general','The High Court decided that the rights of the two landlord objectors were capable of being compromised by the further restructuring plans. This was not a private dispute turning on the construction of a contractual agreement, and instead the dispute had to be considered within the context of the wider sanction proceedings for the restructuring plans.\r\n\r\nAdditionally, it held that in this context the objectors were not being placed in any worse position than the other landlords whose leases had been placed in the same restructuring category. The courts were required to treat the creditors on an equal footing (the “pari passu” principle) unless there was a good reason for treating the objecting landlords differently.\r\n\r\nThe High Court did not consider that the undertakings provided this justification, and certainly treating the objectors differently would not assist the proposed restructuring. It refused to grant the injunctions.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2301,411,'insight_modules_3_heading_title','Conclusion');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2303,411,'insight_modules_3_text_general','A key aspect to the decision was that the High Court found that Cineworld provided the original undertakings in good faith. However, time had passed since they were given, and Cineworld’s financial position had deteriorated beyond what could have been predicted at the time of the first restructuring.\r\n\r\nIt stressed that the impact of the decision should not be to provide tenants with the ability to get out of previous deals made when restructuring and that each case would need to turn on its facts. However, this does seem to provide a major opportunity for struggling tenant companies to renegotiate further compromises of existing contracts and leases.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2399,422,'insight_modules_1_text_general','<ul>\r\n	<li>The belief must be genuinely held.</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>It must be a belief and not simply an opinion or viewpoint.</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>It must concern a weighty and substantial aspect of human life and behaviour.</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>It must have sufficient cogency, seriousness, cohesion, and importance.</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>It must also be worthy of respect in a democratic society, not conflict with the fundamental rights of others, and not incompatible with human dignity. </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\nCase law has established that gender-critical beliefs can meet these five criteria and therefore be protected under the Equality Act. This protection may be lost if employees manifest their beliefs inappropriately and in a way that adversely impacts the rights of others. In the recent case of Orwin v East Riding of Yorkshire Council, an Employment Tribunal held that there was no philosophical belief discrimination where an employee was dismissed for using deliberately provocative pronouns in his email signature because he disagreed with gender self-identification. \r\n\r\nThe Chief Executive of East Riding of Yorkshire Council emailed all employees inviting them to consider adding pronouns to their email signature if they chose to do so, stating that she was keen to ensure all staff knew they would be supported in their choice. She also attached links to the Council’s Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy and to further information on ‘Why you may choose to use pronouns.’ Mr Orwin has strong gender-critical beliefs and disagrees with gender self-identification. He objected to the new policy, arguing that including pronouns in an email signature was ‘a political gesture designed to intimidate anyone who does not embrace the contested ideology of gender identity.’ In protest at the Council’s policy, Mr Orwin therefore changed his own email footer to state ‘XYChromosomeGuy/AdultHumanMale.’ Following attempts to reach a resolution, he was dismissed for failure to comply with management instructions to remove the footer. \r\n\r\nMr Orwin brought claims of direct discrimination on grounds of philosophical belief, unfair dismissal, and wrongful dismissal. All these claims have been dismissed by the Employment Tribunal. \r\n\r\nThe Tribunal accepted that Mr Orwin’s gender-critical beliefs satisfied each of the Grainger criteria and therefore amounted to a protected belief. However, it ruled that Mr Orwin had not been dismissed because of those beliefs, but because of the unacceptable way he had manifested them. The wording of his email signature was a deliberately provocative act of protest to try to persuade the Council to change its policy and did not have a sufficiently close and direct link to his beliefs. The Tribunal also took into account the risk of reputational damage to the Council, the impact on its service users, and its attempts to engage with Mr Orwin to reach a mutually acceptable solution. It was clear in this case that Mr Orwin’s actions also amounted to gross misconduct. \r\n\r\nThis case illustrates that employees whose actions are motivated or influenced by their philosophical or religious belief may not be protected under discrimination law if they manifest their belief inappropriately. For the act to be protected, there must be a close causal link between the employee’s act and the belief. The Tribunal in this case was also critical of the way the Council had implemented its own policy, highlighting the importance of ensuring that equality, diversity, and inclusion policies are properly and consistently communicated and enforced.\r\n\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2413,424,'insight_modules_0_text_para','From 2 December 2024, local authorities will be able to let out vacant high street premises at auction without the owner’s consent as part of a new rental auction process.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2417,424,'insight_modules_1_text_general','Local authorities will have the power to force landlords to let out high street premises which have been vacant for 12 months, or at least 366 days in the preceding 24 months. Landlords will be forced to engage in a process for a rental auction of retail and other premises in a designated street or town centre.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2423,424,'insight_modules_2_text_general','The new law will affect vacant premises which are deemed as having a high-street use and as qualifying high-street premises. ‘High-street use’ includes any premises whose use is, or was when last occupied, as:\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\r\n	<li>a shop or office;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>providing services to persons who include visiting members of the public;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>a restaurant, bar, public house, café, or other establishment selling food or drink;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>for public entertainment or recreation;</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>a communal hall or meeting-place; or</li>\r\n\r\n	<li>manufacturing or other industrial processes of a sort that can reasonably be carried on alongside one of the above uses (but not as a warehouse).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\nA premises will form a ‘qualifying high-street premises’ if:\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>they are situated on a designated high street or in a designated town centre, and</li>\r\n	<li>the local authority considers them to be suitable for a high-street use. </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n\r\nOnce a detailed auction process has taken place, the local authority will have power to enter into an agreement for a lease which will be binding on the owner and any superior landlord. There are various key terms for the agreement for lease and lease which will be prescribed by the Regulations. If the landlord ends up defaulting on the agreement, then the local authority can grant the lease directly to the tenant.\r\n\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2427,424,'insight_modules_3_heading_title','Costs and minimum energy efficiency standards (MEES)');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2429,424,'insight_modules_3_text_general','Most of the costs for the auction will be placed on the tenant. The landlord will bear its own costs, including those for works to bring the premises up to the MEES standard of EPC rating E (and potentially EPC rating C or B if the MEES consultations are ever implemented).');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2433,424,'insight_modules_4_heading_title','Conclusion');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2435,424,'insight_modules_4_text_general','Whilst this new auction process does seem alarming, the conditions highlighted above must all be satisfied before the local authority can force the auction process. It will be interesting to see if local authorities choose to implement these powers and if it will make any difference to the high street, bearing in mind most landlords would prefer to have their premises occupied but may not have been able to for a multitude of reasons.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2449,426,'insight_modules_0_text_para','Troubled cinema chain Cineworld Group has experienced financial difficulties in recent years due to film industry strikes, a rise in home streaming services, and Covid causing forced cinema closures with audiences failing to return to pre-pandemic levels.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2453,426,'insight_modules_1_text_general','In 2023, Cineworld entered lease renegotiations with its landlords to write off arrears and reduce its rental payments. As part of those arrangements, Cineworld gave undertakings to various landlords in side letters that it would not seek further amendments to its leases in the event there was a further restructuring plan. \r\n\r\nCineworld’s financial position significantly deteriorated, and it proposed another restructuring plan under Part 26A of the Companies Act 2006. This would reduce the rents payable under various leases, including those where Cineworld had given undertakings that it would not seek any further compromise of the rents.\r\n\r\nPrior to the final sanction hearing of the restructuring plans, two landlords, the Crown Estate and UKCP, applied for injunctions to enforce the terms of the undertakings given by Cineworld not to seek further lease amendments.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2459,426,'insight_modules_2_text_general','The High Court decided that the rights of the two landlord objectors were capable of being compromised by the further restructuring plans. This was not a private dispute turning on the construction of a contractual agreement, and instead the dispute had to be considered within the context of the wider sanction proceedings for the restructuring plans.\r\n\r\nAdditionally, it held that in this context the objectors were not being placed in any worse position than the other landlords whose leases had been placed in the same restructuring category. The courts were required to treat the creditors on an equal footing (the “pari passu” principle) unless there was a good reason for treating the objecting landlords differently.\r\n\r\nThe High Court did not consider that the undertakings provided this justification, and certainly treating the objectors differently would not assist the proposed restructuring. It refused to grant the injunctions.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2465,426,'insight_modules_3_text_general','A key aspect to the decision was that the High Court found that Cineworld provided the original undertakings in good faith. However, time had passed since they were given, and Cineworld’s financial position had deteriorated beyond what could have been predicted at the time of the first restructuring.\r\n\r\nIt stressed that the impact of the decision should not be to provide tenants with the ability to get out of previous deals made when restructuring and that each case would need to turn on its facts. However, this does seem to provide a major opportunity for struggling tenant companies to renegotiate further compromises of existing contracts and leases.\r\n');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2494,432,'insight_modules_0_text_para','Claimants who are successful in an unfair dismissal claim will receive compensation consisting of two elements: a basic award (equivalent to a statutory redundancy payment, based on age, length of service and weekly pay); and a compensatory award for financial losses suffered as a result of dismissal up to set maximum limits. The compensatory award may be reduced if the employee caused or contributed to their dismissal by a proportion that the Tribunal considers just and equitable. In contrast, the basic award may be reduced if the Employment Tribunal considers that this is just and equitable due to the employee’s conduct before their dismissal, but there is no causation requirement.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2498,432,'insight_modules_1_text_general','A finding of culpable or blameworthy conduct by the employee which to some extent caused or contributed to their dismissal will normally lead to a reduction in the compensatory award. However, in Notaro Homes Ltd v Keirle and others, the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) has confirmed that a Tribunal is not actually required to reduce the compensatory award in these circumstances.\r\n\r\nIn this case, several employees of a nursing home provider were dismissed for making social media posts that breached the company’s social media policy. The Employment Tribunal found that this was a pretext and that the real reason for their dismissal was that they had made protected disclosures. At the remedy hearing, the Tribunal therefore decided that it was not just and equitable to reduce the basic and compensatory awards on grounds of contributory fault. Although the employees had committed blameworthy conduct by breaching Notaro’s social media policy, in reality the company had seized on that opportunity to dismiss them because they had blown the whistle.\r\n\r\nNotaro appealed on the basis that if there was a finding of contributory fault, then the Tribunal was legally obliged to reduce the compensatory award. The EAT dismissed this argument. Although contributory fault will normally lead to a reduction, the wording of the ERA does not require a Tribunal to do so where it is not just and equitable. Given the circumstances in this case, where the dismissing officer had also accepted that the employees’ conduct did not amount to gross misconduct, it had been open to the Tribunal to decide not to reduce the compensatory award.\r\n\r\nThis case highlights that Tribunals have a wide discretion as to whether to reduce an award of compensation. The employees’ conduct in this case only led to or contributed to their dismissal by providing their employer with a pretext, so it was just and equitable that their compensation should not be reduced. The contributory fault itself could not be said to have caused the dismissal. However, it will only be in rare cases that no reduction is made where there has been a finding of contributory fault.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2514,433,'insight_modules_0_text_general','The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) has launched a consultation on an updated Code of Practice for Service Providers, Public Bodies and Associations. The Code explains the detailed legal requirements and practical steps in relation to discrimination, harassment, and victimisation and has been updated to reflect significant developments in legislation and case law since it was first published in 2011. It now includes, for example, recent case law on philosophical belief and indirect discrimination, as well as the EHRC’s technical guidance on age discrimination. Feedback on the new Code is being requested to help ensure that it includes all new law and associated impacts, and is sufficiently clear and user-friendly. An online survey to provide feedback will be open until 5:00 PM on 3 January 2025.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2520,433,'insight_modules_1_text_general','The EHRC has also published new guidance on supporting disabled workers with hybrid working. This is aimed particularly at small and medium-sized employers. The guidance reminds employers that all legal obligations relating to disabled workers continue to apply when they are working from home and provides practical recommendations for all stages of the employment and recruitment process. Reasonable adjustments, such as digital support, specialist equipment, travel arrangements, or adapted office furniture, should be monitored and reviewed regularly with the employee and reconsidered whenever there is a change in circumstances. The guidance also includes examples of questions to ask employees about their health and potential adjustments, together with useful practical case studies.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2526,433,'insight_modules_2_text_general','On 27 September 2024, the government published non-statutory guidance for employers on distributing tips fairly. This coincides with the new legal requirements on tipping and service charges set out in the Employment (Allocation of Tips) Act 2023 and the statutory Code of Practice on Fair and Transparent Distribution of Tips which came into force on 1 October 2024. The non-statutory guidance is aimed at helping employers apply the statutory Code of Practice, which must be taken into account by Employment Tribunals in relevant cases. It is fairly brief and clarifies how to deal with agency workers, confirms that tips cannot be pooled across multiple sites or branches and stresses that all workers involved in directly providing a service to customers must be considered in the distribution of tips. A template tipping policy and tipping record are also provided. Tribunals can order compliance with the legal requirements as well as award compensation of up to £5,000 per worker to compensate for financial loss.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2538,433,'insight_modules_4_text_general','A Private Members’ Bill introduced by Lord Clement-Jones into the House of Lords aims to regulate the use of automated and algorithmic systems in decision-making processes in the public sector (Public Authority Algorithmic and Automated Decision-Making Systems Bill). Private Members’ Bills do not usually become law, but often stimulate debate and exert influence on key issues. The Bill would require public authorities to complete an algorithmic impact assessment prior to implementing any new system. This would have to set out relative benefits and risks of the system; the steps being taken to minimise risks; an independent external scrutiny of efficacy and accuracy; and a bias assessment to ensure compliance with the Equality Act 2010 and the Human Rights Act 1998. Public authorities would also be required to complete an algorithmic transparency record providing a detailed explanation of the system, including technical specifications; how it is being used in practice to inform administrative decisions; and how human oversight will work in practice. All AI systems used by a public authority would have to be capable of scrutiny and a public register would have to be kept of decisions made. The Bill would also require the government to establish an independent dispute resolution service for challenging and providing redress for decisions made by AI systems.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2544,433,'insight_modules_5_text_general','The High Pay Centre has collaborated with a number of investors to launch the Fair Reward Framework, a free online tool providing comparison data for the pay policies of FTSE 100 companies. Assessments of 65 companies have already been published, with data on the remaining companies to be available by early 2025. Annual corporate pay policies and practices are assessed using a 30-indicator framework which includes CEO pay awards, pay gaps and ratios, pay scrutiny processes such as worker consultation, the extent of trade union coverage, and the results of recent shareholder AGM votes. Key trends observed in the firms analysed to date include: 40% have disclosed their ethnicity pay gap; only 6% disclosed details of any meaningful consultation with their workforce during executive pay setting; and only 22% provided evidence of the proportion of their workforce covered by trade union membership or a collective bargaining agreement. The Fair Reward Framework anticipates expanding to a wider range of companies, including those from other markets, at a later stage.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2556,435,'insight_modules_0_text_para','It is unlawful under the Equality Act 2010 to discriminate against employees because of their philosophical beliefs. The test for a philosophical belief was established in the 2009 case of Grainger plc v Nicholson:');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2560,435,'insight_modules_1_text_general','<ul>\r\n 	<li>The belief must be genuinely held.</li>\r\n 	<li>It must be a belief and not simply an opinion or viewpoint.</li>\r\n 	<li>It must concern a weighty and substantial aspect of human life and behaviour.</li>\r\n 	<li>It must have sufficient cogency, seriousness, cohesion, and importance.</li>\r\n 	<li>It must also be worthy of respect in a democratic society, not conflict with the fundamental rights of others, and not incompatible with human dignity.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nCase law has established that gender-critical beliefs can meet these five criteria and therefore be protected under the Equality Act. This protection may be lost if employees manifest their beliefs inappropriately and in a way that adversely impacts the rights of others. In the recent case of Orwin v East Riding of Yorkshire Council, an Employment Tribunal held that there was no philosophical belief discrimination where an employee was dismissed for using deliberately provocative pronouns in his email signature because he disagreed with gender self-identification.\r\n\r\nThe Chief Executive of East Riding of Yorkshire Council emailed all employees inviting them to consider adding pronouns to their email signature if they chose to do so, stating that she was keen to ensure all staff knew they would be supported in their choice. She also attached links to the Council’s Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy and to further information on ‘Why you may choose to use pronouns.’ Mr Orwin has strong gender-critical beliefs and disagrees with gender self-identification. He objected to the new policy, arguing that including pronouns in an email signature was ‘a political gesture designed to intimidate anyone who does not embrace the contested ideology of gender identity.’ In protest at the Council’s policy, Mr Orwin therefore changed his own email footer to state ‘XYChromosomeGuy/AdultHumanMale.’ Following attempts to reach a resolution, he was dismissed for failure to comply with management instructions to remove the footer.\r\n\r\nMr Orwin brought claims of direct discrimination on grounds of philosophical belief, unfair dismissal, and wrongful dismissal. All these claims have been dismissed by the Employment Tribunal.\r\n\r\nThe Tribunal accepted that Mr Orwin’s gender-critical beliefs satisfied each of the Grainger criteria and therefore amounted to a protected belief. However, it ruled that Mr Orwin had not been dismissed because of those beliefs, but because of the unacceptable way he had manifested them. The wording of his email signature was a deliberately provocative act of protest to try to persuade the Council to change its policy and did not have a sufficiently close and direct link to his beliefs. The Tribunal also took into account the risk of reputational damage to the Council, the impact on its service users, and its attempts to engage with Mr Orwin to reach a mutually acceptable solution. It was clear in this case that Mr Orwin’s actions also amounted to gross misconduct.\r\n\r\nThis case illustrates that employees whose actions are motivated or influenced by their philosophical or religious belief may not be protected under discrimination law if they manifest their belief inappropriately. For the act to be protected, there must be a close causal link between the employee’s act and the belief. The Tribunal in this case was also critical of the way the Council had implemented its own policy, highlighting the importance of ensuring that equality, diversity, and inclusion policies are properly and consistently communicated and enforced.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2572,437,'insight_modules_0_text_para','From 2 December 2024, local authorities will be able to let out vacant high street premises at auction without the owner’s consent as part of a new rental auction process.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2576,437,'insight_modules_1_text_general','Local authorities will have the power to force landlords to let out high street premises which have been vacant for 12 months, or at least 366 days in the preceding 24 months. Landlords will be forced to engage in a process for a rental auction of retail and other premises in a designated street or town centre.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2580,437,'insight_modules_2_heading_title','Qualifying high street premises');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2582,437,'insight_modules_2_text_general','The new law will affect vacant premises which are deemed as having a high-street use and as qualifying high-street premises. ‘High-street use’ includes any premises whose use is, or was when last occupied, as:\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>a shop or office;</li>\r\n 	<li>providing services to persons who include visiting members of the public;</li>\r\n 	<li>a restaurant, bar, public house, café, or other establishment selling food or drink;</li>\r\n 	<li>for public entertainment or recreation;</li>\r\n 	<li>a communal hall or meeting-place; or</li>\r\n 	<li>manufacturing or other industrial processes of a sort that can reasonably be carried on alongside one of the above uses (but not as a warehouse).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nA premises will form a ‘qualifying high-street premises’ if:\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>they are situated on a designated high street or in a designated town centre, and</li>\r\n 	<li>the local authority considers them to be suitable for a high-street use.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nOnce a detailed auction process has taken place, the local authority will have power to enter into an agreement for a lease which will be binding on the owner and any superior landlord. There are various key terms for the agreement for lease and lease which will be prescribed by the Regulations. If the landlord ends up defaulting on the agreement, then the local authority can grant the lease directly to the tenant.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2586,437,'insight_modules_3_heading_title','Costs and minimum energy efficiency standards (MEES)');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2587,437,'_insight_modules_3_heading_title','field_67449020c373c');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2588,437,'insight_modules_3_text_general','Most of the costs for the auction will be placed on the tenant. The landlord will bear its own costs, including those for works to bring the premises up to the MEES standard of EPC rating E (and potentially EPC rating C or B if the MEES consultations are ever implemented).');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2589,437,'_insight_modules_3_text_general','field_67447fc704d53');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2592,437,'insight_modules_4_heading_title','Conclusion');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2593,437,'_insight_modules_4_heading_title','field_67449020c373c');
INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2594,437,'insight_modules_4_text_general','Whilst this new auction process does seem alarming, the conditions highlighted above must all be satisfied before the local authority can force the auction process. It will be interesting to see if local authorities choose to implement these powers and if it will make any difference to the high street, bearing in mind most landlords would prefer to have their premises occupied but may not have been able to for a multitude of reasons.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2610,439,'insight_modules_1_text_general','In 2023, Cineworld entered lease renegotiations with its landlords to write off arrears and reduce its rental payments. As part of those arrangements, Cineworld gave undertakings to various landlords in side letters that it would not seek further amendments to its leases in the event there was a further restructuring plan.\r\n\r\nCineworld’s financial position significantly deteriorated, and it proposed another restructuring plan under Part 26A of the Companies Act 2006. This would reduce the rents payable under various leases, including those where Cineworld had given undertakings that it would not seek any further compromise of the rents.\r\n\r\nPrior to the final sanction hearing of the restructuring plans, two landlords, the Crown Estate and UKCP, applied for injunctions to enforce the terms of the undertakings given by Cineworld not to seek further lease amendments.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2616,439,'insight_modules_2_text_general','The High Court decided that the rights of the two landlord objectors were capable of being compromised by the further restructuring plans. This was not a private dispute turning on the construction of a contractual agreement, and instead the dispute had to be considered within the context of the wider sanction proceedings for the restructuring plans.\r\n\r\nAdditionally, it held that in this context the objectors were not being placed in any worse position than the other landlords whose leases had been placed in the same restructuring category. The courts were required to treat the creditors on an equal footing (the “pari passu” principle) unless there was a good reason for treating the objecting landlords differently.\r\n\r\nThe High Court did not consider that the undertakings provided this justification, and certainly treating the objectors differently would not assist the proposed restructuring. It refused to grant the injunctions.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2622,439,'insight_modules_3_text_general','A key aspect to the decision was that the High Court found that Cineworld provided the original undertakings in good faith. However, time had passed since they were given, and Cineworld’s financial position had deteriorated beyond what could have been predicted at the time of the first restructuring.\r\n\r\nIt stressed that the impact of the decision should not be to provide tenants with the ability to get out of previous deals made when restructuring and that each case would need to turn on its facts. However, this does seem to provide a major opportunity for struggling tenant companies to renegotiate further compromises of existing contracts and leases.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2640,441,'insight_modules_1_text_general','We have previously reported on the challenge by Transport Action Network to the granting of the A66 Northern Trans-Pennine DCO. The hearing was on 23 October 2024 and the judge gave the judgment orally a mere two days later on 25 October 2024; it has taken since then to get hold of a copy of the judgment.\r\n\r\nThe first ground was on habitats, where socio-economic impacts were allegedly wrongly categorised as health impacts, and how did impacts on human health weigh neutrally in the planning balance in the decision letter and yet be enough to be imperative reasons of overriding public importance? The judge considered that enough attention was given to human health in the IROPI context and that it was not irrational to conclude that the test was met.\r\n\r\nThe second ground was on the impact on the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty – DCO applications that cause harm to AONBs should be refused unless there are exceptional circumstances and where consent is in the public interest. The judge said that the test was met and the precise words needn’t be used ‘like an incantation’. The impact on the AONB was in fact concluded to become acceptable over time. The new duties to ‘seek to further the purposes’ of National Parks and AONBs in s11A of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 and s85 of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, respectively, are the new battleground.\r\n\r\nThe third ground was essentially that the DCO should have been refused because the benefit-cost ratio was less than one. The judge decided it was not irrational for the Secretary of State to give consent, saying as he did that there were qualitative benefits that could not be monetised.\r\n\r\nThe fourth ground was the same as the single ground that was unsuccessful in the challenge to the A38 Derby Junctions DCO decision, namely that the decision was unlawfully based on an out-of-date economic assessment. The judge said that although the A38 case had been appealed to the Court of Appeal, he nevertheless had confidence in his judgment on the point. That permission has been denied, and so this ground is dropped from the claimant’s appeal to the Court of Appeal.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2644,441,'insight_modules_2_heading_title','Keeping up with the Joneses');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2646,441,'insight_modules_2_text_general','Not to be outdone by the consultation on infrastructure planning in Wales (closing date 13 December 2024) there is a consultation in Scotland about introducing several Planning Act 2008-like measures.\r\n\r\nIn Scotland there is not an equivalent to the Planning Act 2008, and for electricity generation and power lines, the Electricity Act 1989 is used, whatever the size of the project. The (Scottish and UK) government have issued a consultation on making improvements to the process (so just for those two types of infrastructure rather than more generally). This one closes on 29 November 2024, it was only 28 days.\r\n\r\nAlthough the consultation proposes changes to make the process more similar to the Planning Act regime, there are several differences, highlighted below.\r\n\r\nMandatory pre-application consultation is proposed to be introduced, explicitly based on the Planning Act 2008. Accompanying the consultation must be a ‘Preliminary Information Report’, the equivalent of a preliminary environmental information report. The consultees are to be agreed with the Scottish Government rather than being a fixed list (which will presumably add a bit of time). A Statement of Community Consultation is to be sent to the local authority for comments, but these are made to the Scottish Government rather than the prospective applicant, and it is the Scottish Government who then decides what changes should be made (for offshore projects this would only apply to any onshore elements). The consultation is required to include at least two public events (it later suggests exactly two), as well as a website, email and postal address. There is a question as to whether two stages of consultation should be held for electric line projects. A Pre-Application Consultation Report is submitted with the application, equivalent to a Consultation Report. Of course everything is going to get a slightly different name.\r\n\r\nThere is to be an acceptance stage, but the only reason for rejection is inadequate consultation rather than the standard of the application documents, although the document later says an application can be rejected if not all the required documents are submitted. It doesn’t say how long this stage is proposed to take. The list of application documents under the Electricity Act 1989 is greater for electric lines than generating stations. It is proposed to harmonise these and supplement them with a detailed plan, the pre-application consultation report, a statement of alternatives considered, a statement on benefits and needs, and a statement of all the components requiring consent. This appears a lot lighter touch than for a DCO.\r\n\r\nPost-application, the Scottish Government will invite representations rather than the applicant. The consultation suggests that the government be able to set time limits for each stage, rather than having these set in advance (which isn’t great for certainty). It also suggests more strategic engagement with statutory bodies, including a forum, a framework, and additional funding, which sounds a good move.\r\n\r\nOn amendments to applications during their consideration, it is merely proposed that a point be declared after which amendments are no longer permitted. They must already not be substantial. For examination generally, the consultation proposes that only if a local authority objects, a reporter is appointed who may have a site inspection, request written information, and/or hold a hearing or public inquiry. There could also be a pre-examination (procedural) meeting. Seem familiar? There is a proposal to introduce fees for applications for ‘necessary wayleaves’ for electric lines, currently free.\r\n\r\nFor post-decision changes, the consultation says that the process for electric line variations is vaguer than for generating stations and suggests making the former clearer. The consultation also proposes that the Scottish Government can propose variations where there has been a change in environmental circumstances, technology, or to correct errors. On legal challenges, it is proposed to unify the currently differing process and timescales to allow a statutory appeal within six weeks. This is narrower than a simple rehearing of the case; it must be that the decision is not within the powers of the Scottish Ministers or one or more relevant requirements have not been complied with.\r\n\r\nThe consultation suggests that any changed process will even apply to applications that are in progress, from the point they have reached onwards. What could possibly go wrong with that? There are some interesting questions, such as whether you agree that these proposals will ‘increase the speed of the end-to-end project planning process overall’ (I think this should extend beyond the planning process), and how many people in your organisation will need to familiarise themselves with any change in process.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2869,471,'insight_modules_0_text_general','With more couples choosing to get married again later in life, ‘grey-nups’ have become increasingly important to protect existing assets and inheritances.\r\n\r\nIn articles for Blooming Fifties, UK Business News, TeaTalkMagazine and Always Finance News, partner Vandana Chitroda discusses the growing demand of pre-nups for older couples.\r\n\r\n“Pre-nuptial agreements have for quite some time been considered essential when younger couples get married and look to protect assets or a future inheritance. But now, those getting married for the second, third and even fourth time, and often well into their 70s, are seeing a pre-nup – the grey-nup – as a critical part of their marriage planning.”\r\n\r\nThe full articles can be read on the <a href=\"https://bloomingfifties.co.uk/grey-nups-on-the-rise-as-older-couples-tie-the-knot-again-says-leading-family-lawyer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blooming Fifties</a>, <a class=\"text-greens\" href=\"https://uk-business-news.co.uk/2024/11/20/grey-nups-on-the-rise-as-older-couples-tie-the-knot-again-says-leading-family-lawyer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UK Business News</a>, <a class=\"text-greens\" href=\"https://teatalkmagazine.co.uk/2024/11/20/grey-nups-on-the-rise-as-older-couples-tie-the-knot-again-says-leading-family-lawyer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TeaTalkMagazine</a>, <a class=\"text-greens\" href=\"https://alwaysfinance.co.uk/2024/11/20/grey-nups-on-the-rise-as-older-couples-tie-the-knot-again-says-leading-family-lawyer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Always Finance News</a> and <a class=\"text-greens\" href=\"https://www.thelegaldiary.co.uk/edward-fennells-legal-diary-41/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legal Diary</a> websites.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2903,473,'insight_modules_0_text_general','Broadfield has strengthened its litigation team with the appointment of Gani Abaydildnov, a senior lawyer with extensive cross-border transactional and dispute resolution experience.\r\n\r\nGani, a Kazakhstan-qualified lawyer, joined Broadfield on 9 December as of counsel from Eldwick Law where he was general counsel.\r\n\r\nHe brings to Broadfield considerable experience and expertise in advising on oil and gas contracts, government contracts and high-value litigation and arbitration. He also has a strong reputation in advising high-net-worth individuals and family offices.\r\n\r\nCommenting on joining the firm, Gani said:');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2905,473,'insight_modules_1_quote_text','Broadfield has a first-class reputation in the energy and infrastructure sectors and is building a worldwide network. It is an exciting time to join the firm and build my practice further.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2909,473,'insight_modules_1_quote_author_title','Of Counsel');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2911,473,'insight_modules_2_text_general','<a href=\"#\"><strong>Phil Smith, partner and head of litigation at Broadfield said:</strong></a>');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2913,473,'insight_modules_3_quote_text','We are delighted by Gani’s decision to join the firm. It is an exciting prospect for Broadfield as Kazakhstan now has a fully formed international financial centre in Astana where many British judges reside with many cases conducted in accordance with UK law. Central Asia is and will be a large growth market for English law, and we look forward to the contributions Gani will bring.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2941,458,'insight_modules_0_text_general','This news has been featured in <a href=\"https://city-news.co.uk/2024/12/12/broadfield-strengthens-litigation-team-with-senior-appointment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City News</a>, <a href=\"https://globalbusinessnewsdesk.co.uk/2024/12/12/broadfield-strengthens-litigation-team-with-senior-appointment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Business Newsdesk</a>, <a href=\"https://internationalbusinessnews.co.uk/broadfield-strengthens-litigation-team-with-senior-appointment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Business News</a>, <a href=\"https://businessinthenews.co.uk/2024/12/12/broadfield-strengthens-litigation-team-with-senior-appointment/#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Business in the News</a>, <a href=\"https://www.cdr-news.com/categories/people-firms/22056-friday-round-up-kazakh-lawyer-in-london/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CDR News</a> and <a href=\"https://www.newlawjournal.co.uk/content/broadfield-gani-abaydildinov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Law Journal</a>.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2963,474,'insight_modules_0_text_general','The market for perfume ‘dupes’ has grown significantly and globally in recent years as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, commonly referred to as GCMS, has helped open the once secret and exclusive world of scent creation.\r\n\r\nAs GCMS can accurately break down the complex chemical profiles of a perfume, formulators are now able to replicate the same combination of ingredients within a perfume in different proportions which has facilitated the rise of the dupe. While GCMS is not yet advanced enough to pick up on all of the intricacies of a scent, for example, the exact proportion and blending of a scent’s notes and accords, it is creating a booming dupes industry, to the frustration of perfumers around the world (especially when a brand can market a dupe on the basis of such dupe being specifically inspired by a named fragrance).\r\n\r\nDupe scents have become popular as many original scents, it may be argued, are increasingly unaffordable. Dupe producers may argue that they are merely disrupting an unaffordable market by innovating.\r\n\r\nThe vast majority of consumers have historically owned and worn a signature scent, the same scent for every day and occasion, but in recent years, especially amongst later generations, there has been a marked shift towards having a fragrance wardrobe. Many consumers now regard perfume as a way to find their identity and evoke different feelings and moods – they want to explore. Dupes, on the basis of their affordability, are facilitating this exploration.\r\n\r\nAs in most (but not necessarily all) cases, with affordability comes issues. Quality and longevity may be compromised which is usually an important consideration for a purchaser. Additionally, supply chain issues arise, particularly concerning the sustainability of those supply chains and the protection of workers’ rights within them.\r\n\r\nIt’s important to note that affordability isn’t the only factor driving the rise of dupes. A lack of regulation in the industry has also played a significant role. For example, brands can label their product as an Eau de Toilette or Eau de Parfum without meeting specific standards—there’s no required amount of fragrance oil for these classifications. According to British perfume designer Azzi Glasser, what’s truly lacking in today’s fragrance industry is the art, performance, and originality that once defined it. This absence, she argues, is helping to fuel the growth of dupes.\r\n\r\n<strong>Despite the above, dupe scents are, arguably, here to stay and as a result, in order to retain authenticity, Founder and CEO of Olfactive O, Olivia Da Costa, believes that the key is for fragrance founders to work hard at their story and to convince consumers that they’re investing in the totality of the brand, not just the scent.</strong>');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2965,474,'insight_modules_1_quote_text','We have a strong and profitable fragrance industry in the UK, with a growing international reputation for new creative brands, we should do all we can to encourage and support the industry by protecting new and existing talent. Having your original work copied or infringed is not tolerated in any other industry, why should perfume be any different.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2967,474,'insight_modules_1_quote_author','Amanda Carr');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2969,474,'insight_modules_1_quote_author_title','Fragrance Trend Forecaster');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2971,474,'insight_modules_2_text_general','Perfumers will look to protect the branding of their scents by registering their name or logo as a trade mark. This route will prevent other scent manufacturers from using identical or confusingly similar names, however this will not address the fact that a dupe may be almost identical in smell to the real thing. Perfumers may seek further protection by registering a non-traditional trade mark. The most relevant non-traditional trade marks for perfumers will be smell, bottle shape (as successfully achieved by Coca-Cola with its iconic bottle), and colour use.\r\n\r\nThere are substantial hurdles to overcome if a perfumer is to successfully register a non-traditional trade mark. Trade mark registries will need to be satisfied that the mark in question is clear, precise, self-contained, easily accessible, intelligible, durable, and objective. These criteria pose substantial difficulties when it comes to registering smells – as smell cannot be graphically represented and a sample will not be sufficient. Whilst it is not impossible per se to register a scent as a trade mark, the fact Chanel was unable to register its famous N°5 fragrance suggests this may be unattainable in practice. It is noteworthy that one of the key objections raised by registries is that the mark, for which protection is sought, should not stem from the nature of the product in itself. This poses a particular hurdle to perfumers who, arguably, only sell scent for its olfactory qualities.\r\n\r\nWithout trade mark protection a perfumer could in theory look to the law of passing off to bring a claim against dupes. A perfumer would need to show there was a misrepresentation by the dupe, that the perfumer has goodwill / reputation in the smell and that the misrepresentation has damaged the perfumer. Passing off has not been successfully argued in the courts in respect of a perfume scent, in a 2006 case the High Court rejected L’Oréal’s claim that the smell of a perfume formed part of the ‘goodwill’ in a particular perfume brand.\r\n\r\nMany dupe scents state to be ‘inspired by’ a particular perfume. This may seem like a flagrant abuse for brand owners, but this will not amount to trade mark infringement as the dupes are not representing to consumers that they are producing the actual perfume in question. The producers of dupes do however walk a fine line. If it can be shown that the dupe is portraying to sell the scent in question or uses the brand logo and / or a similar shape bottle, a brand owner should look to enforce their trade mark and / or rely on the law of passing off.\r\n\r\nGiven the level of investment that is required to create and market perfumes, there is merit in the argument that dupes should not be able to ride off the coat tails of perfumers. A re-examination of the trade registration criteria by legislators would be timely and perhaps the only means for perfumers to attain better protection for their brands.\r\n\r\nArticle drafted with collaboration and thanks to Dennis Lee and Tancred Campbell, BDB Pitmans.');
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INSERT INTO `Z1EZp7_postmeta` VALUES (2991,475,'insight_modules_0_text_general','The market for perfume ‘dupes’ has grown significantly and globally in recent years as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, commonly referred to as GCMS, has helped open the once secret and exclusive world of scent creation.\r\n\r\nAs GCMS can accurately break down the complex chemical profiles of a perfume, formulators are now able to replicate the same combination of ingredients within a perfume in different proportions which has facilitated the rise of the dupe. While GCMS is not yet advanced enough to pick up on all of the intricacies of a scent, for example, the exact proportion and blending of a scent’s notes and accords, it is creating a booming dupes industry, to the frustration of perfumers around the world (especially when a brand can market a dupe on the basis of such dupe being specifically inspired by a named fragrance).\r\n\r\nDupe scents have become popular as many original scents, it may be argued, are increasingly unaffordable. Dupe producers may argue that they are merely disrupting an unaffordable market by innovating.\r\n\r\nThe vast majority of consumers have historically owned and worn a signature scent, the same scent for every day and occasion, but in recent years, especially amongst later generations, there has been a marked shift towards having a fragrance wardrobe. Many consumers now regard perfume as a way to find their identity and evoke different feelings and moods – they want to explore. Dupes, on the basis of their affordability, are facilitating this exploration.\r\n\r\nAs in most (but not necessarily all) cases, with affordability comes issues. Quality and longevity may be compromised which is usually an important consideration for a purchaser. Additionally, supply chain issues arise, particularly concerning the sustainability of those supply chains and the protection of workers’ rights within them.\r\n\r\nIt’s important to note that affordability isn’t the only factor driving the rise of dupes. A lack of regulation in the industry has also played a significant role. For example, brands can label their product as an Eau de Toilette or Eau de Parfum without meeting specific standards—there’s no required amount of fragrance oil for these classifications. According to British perfume designer Azzi Glasser, what’s truly lacking in today’s fragrance industry is the art, performance, and originality that once defined it. This absence, she argues, is helping to fuel the growth of dupes.\r\n\r\nDespite the above, dupe scents are, arguably, here to stay and as a result, in order to retain authenticity, Founder and CEO of Olfactive O, Olivia Da Costa, believes that the key is for fragrance founders to work hard at their story and to convince consumers that they’re investing in the totality of the brand, not just the scent.');
